CURRENT RESEARCH AREAS

Nanophotonics:

A technology that has been overlooked in the rush to nanophotonics is the manipulation of quantum states using nanomechanical actuators. Coupling electron energy levels across gaps enables one to control the band gap of semiconductor quantum structures in real time. The potential tuning range for optoelectronic devices is enormous, but intersubband devices particularly benefit with tuning limited only by thermal broadening and band offsets. (Funded by NSF.)

Infrared Detectors:

Uncooled thermal detectors for the deep infrared are extremely cheap and robust relative to cooled semiconductor detectors, but they lack sensitivity. My group is currently developing uncooled hyperspectral detectors whose sensitivity can beat the thermal radiation limit by more than an order of magnitude. Related micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) technologies developed in my group expand the dynamic range of thermal detectors by more than an order of magnitude and enable them to survive blinding attacks. (Funded by DARPA and ARO.)

Optical and Mechanical Materials:

Optical coatings in microsystems are often so thin that they must dissipate large densities of heat energy at incident optical powers that are normally considered low. To avoid deformation, these coatings must incoporate materials with special thermal properties such as negative thermal expansion thin films. Our previous work has demonstrated that certain oxides have negative expansion coefficients under the right deposition conditions. With these layers, mirror membranes having zero thermal deformation across hundreds of degrees in temperature are currently under construction. (Funded by AFOSR and JTO.)

Nano- and Micro- Particle Devices:

Particle-sized devices are often needed that can survive the most extreme environments while still performing vital sensing information. For example, in biological warfare, viral or bacterial weapons may need to be sterilized in an open environment. The only way to insure that every bioagent has been destroyed is to embed temperature sensors that match the dispersal pattern of the bioagents and verify that a minimum temperature has been reached. My group is current developing ceramic nano- and micro- particles that mimic biological particles and whose luminescence can be used to extract their thermal history. (Funded by DTRA.)

Microfluidic Devices:

While there has been a great deal of work on microfluidic systems, sensors that can actually flow through channels to collect information on the state of the system are lacking. My group has recently developed microparticle metal-ion sensors that are powered from standard room light or daylight and collect information on the concentration of metal-ions in a fluid. The next steps for this work include self-assembly of the sensors for easy manipulation and parallel read-out of the particles. (Funded by NSF and 3M.)

EDUCATION

Ph.D., 1995, University of California at Berkeley, Electrical Engineering
M.S., 1993, University of California at Berkeley, Electrical Engineering
B.S., 1988, Rice University, Electrical Engineering

PRESENT POSITION

Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Minnesota, 2003-present
Assistant Professor, 1997 - 2003

Thermal effects in microstructures
Adaptive IR detectors
Dielectric coatings on membranes and microstructures.
Adaptive microoptics
Self-assembly in microsensors

PREVIOUS POSITIONS

Senior Device Physicist, Waferscale Integration, 1995-1996
Development of high density, low power Flash and EPROM memory.

Graduate Student Researcher, UC-Berkeley, 1991-1992, 1993-1995
GaAs and Si micromachining for optoelectronic self-assembly.

Epitaxial growth, materials research, device design, and fabrication of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers.

Process Development Engineer, Texas Instruments, 1992-1993 Device and materials characterization for EEPROM and CMOS processes.

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES/AWARDS

Guest Editor, IEEE Journal of Special Topics on Quantum Electronics, 2007 Special Issue on Optical Micro- and Nano- Systems
Conference Chair, 2006 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics Conference, Yellowstone/Big Sky
Guest Editor, IEEE Journal of Special Topics on Quantum Electronics, March/April 2004 Special Issue on Optical Microsystems
Program Committee, 2004 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS Conference, Takematsu, Japan
Program Committee Chairman, 2003 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS Conference, Hawaii, Hawaii
Program Committee, 2003 SPIE Micromachining and Microfabrication Conference, San Jose, CA
Program Committee, 2002 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS Conference, Lugano, Switzerland
Program Committee, 2001 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS Conference, Okinawa, Japan
Program Committee, 2000 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS Conference, Kauai, Hawaii
3M Nontenured Faculty Award, 2003
3M Nontenured Faculty Award, 2002
3M Nontenured Faculty Award, 2001
President of Minnesota Section of the Optical Society of America, 2002-3
Vice President of Minnesota Section of the Optical Society of America, 2001-2
Secretary/Treasurer of Minnesota Section of the Optical Society of America, 2000-1
Participant in NSF ScienceWorks! Program for Minneapolis Public Schools
HKN/ECS Department Finalist 1999 Teacher of the Year

National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow
IEEE
Optical Society of America
Sigma Pi Sigma

TRADE JOURNAL APPEARANCES OF MY RESEARCH

Technology Research News, March 29/April 4, 2001.
Electronics Times, April 2001.
Lightwave Magazine, July 2001.
Laser Focus World, December 2001.
Photonics Spectra, August 2002.
LEOS Newsletter Feature Invited Paper, August 2002.

INVITED AND REVIEW PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS

W. B. Song and J. J. Talghader, "IR Detectors with Adaptive Responsivity and Wavelength," SPIE MOEMS-MEMS Micro & Nanofabrication 2007, January 20-25, 2007, proceedings in press.

J. J. Talghader, "From micro- to nano-: thermal effects in micromachined devices," 2006 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, Perth, Western Australia, December 6-8, 2006.

J. J. Talghader, "Adaptive imaging with uncooled LWIR detectors," SPIE Defense and Security Symposium, Intelligent Integrated Microsystems, Orlando, FL, April 20, 2006.

J. J. Talghader, "Heat and Temperature in Micromechanical Systems," 2005 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium, WP6-03, Bethesda, MD, December 7-9, 2005.

J. J. Talghader, "Mechanics of Optical Coatings in Extreme Thermal Environments," 2005 International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films, San Diego, CA, May 2005.

J. J. Talghader, Topical Review: "Thermal and Mechanical Phenomena in Micromechanical Optics," Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics, vol. 37, pp. R109-R122, 2004.

J. J. Talghader, "Ultimate Performance in Optical MEMS," SPIE International Symposium on Microelectronics, MEMS, and Nanotechnology, December 10-12, 2003, Perth, Australia.

J. J. Talghader, "Microsensor communication using self-assembly," NSF International Workshop on Advances in Micro and Nano Technology for Sensing Applications, Melbourne, Australia, Dec. 12-14, 2002. Co-Sponsored by the Australian Research Council and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

J. R. Leger and J. J. Talghader, "Design of microspectrometers," 2002 LEOS Annual Meeting, Glasgow, Scotland, November 10-14, 2002.

J. J. Talghader, "Shape control and heat transfer in Optical MEMS," LEOS Newsletter (On the Academic Side Feature), vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 3-8, August 2002.

J. J. Talghader, "MEMS confocal microresonator arrays using mirrors with strain-induced curvature," SPIE - Photonics West - Laser Resonators and Beam Control V , San Jose, CA, January 22, 2002.

J. J. Talghader, "Wavelength tunable thermal cavity technology," DSRC Workshop on Reconfigurable Focal Plane Detection Systems, October 22, 2001, Hosted by Richard Osgood, (DSRC and Columbia University) and John Carrano (DARPA).

J. J. Talghader, "Thermal management in optical MEMS," Proceedings of the SPIE, (MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems II Conference), vol. 4561, pp. 20-27, 2001.

J. J. Talghader, "Optical coatings and flatness in micromirrors," NSF Workshop on Adaptive Optics, Berkeley, CA, Nov. 13, 2000.

J. J. Talghader, ``Integration of VCSELs using fluidic self-assembly,'' Proceedings of the SPIE - Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers II, vol. 3286, pp. 86-95, 1998.

Many Invited Talks at Industrial Labs, National Labs, and Universities.

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS

[1] Y. Wang and J. J. Talghader, "Minimum energy actuation and bounce-back behavior of microbeams using lambda voltage pulses," submitted for publication, March 2007.

[2] J. D. Makowski and J. J. Talghader, "Surface heterostructure nanomechanical actuators with atomic resolution," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 90, article 183111, May 2007. Also reprinted in the Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science and Technology, vol. 15, no. 19, May 14, 2007.

[3] M. T. K. Soh, J. A. Thurn, J. H. Thomas, and J. J. Talghader, "Thermally induced stress hysteresis and CTE changes in nanoporous SiO2," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 40, pp. 2176-2182, 2007.

[4] J. D. Makowski, A. S. Gawarikar, J. J. Talghader, "Adhesion energy in nanogap InP/InGaAs microcantilevers," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 89, no. 24, 243508, 2006.

[5] R. N. Supino and J. J. Talghader, "Autonomous micromachined particles for detecting metal-ion concentration in fluids," IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1299-1307, October 2006.

[6] W. Liu and J. J. Talghader, "Electrically tunable cavities and spatial mode control," IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 777-785, August 2006.

[7] Y. Wang, B. J. Potter, and J. J. Talghader, "Coupled absorption filters for thermal detectors," Optics Letters, vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 1945-1947, July 1, 2006.

[8] W. B. Song and J. J. Talghader, "Adaptive microbolometers: concept, fabrication, and characterization," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1073-1079, 2006.

[9] S. Zamali and J. J. Talghader, "Stress mapping sensors for high power adaptive micro-optics," Applied Optics, vol. 45, no. 7, pp 1619-1626, 2006.

[10] M. T. K. Soh, J. H. Thomas, and J. J. Talghader, "Thermally-induced structural changes in nanoporous silicon dioxide from XPS," Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 2147-2150, Nov/Dec 2006.

[11] M. S. Sutton and J. J. Talghader, "Zirconium tungstate-based micromachined negative thermal expansion thin films," Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, accepted for publication and to appear, vol. 13, no. 3, June 2004.

[12] J. J. Talghader, Invited Paper, Topical Review: "Thermal and Mechanical Phenomena in Micromechanical Optics," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 37, pp. R109-R122, 2004.

[13] W. Liu and J. J. Talghader, "Current-controlled curvature of coated micromirrors," Optics Letters, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 932-934, June 1, 2003.

[14] J. J. Talghader, Invited Paper "Shape control and heat transfer in Optical MEMS," LEOS Newsletter (On the Academic Side Feature), vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 3-8, August 2002.

[15] W. B. Song, M. Sutton, and J. J. Talghader, "Thermal contact conductance of actuated interfaces," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 81, no. 7, pp. 1216-1218, August 12, 2002. Also reprinted in Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 8, August 19, 2002.

[16] W. B. Song, and J. J. Talghader, "Adjustable responsivity for thermal infrared detectors," Applied Physics Letters, pp. 550-552, July 15, 2002.

[17] W. Liu and J. J. Talghader, "Thermally invariant dielectric coatings for micromirrors," Applied Optics, vol. 41, no. 16, pp. 3285-3293, June 2002.

[18] R. N. Supino and J. J. Talghader, "Average Optical Power Monitoring in Micromirrors," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 12-18, Jan/Feb 2002.

[19] K. Cao, W. Liu, and J. J. Talghader, "Curvature compensation in micromirrors with high reflectivity optical coatings," IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 409-417, September 2001.

[20] R. Supino and J. J. Talghader, "Electrostatic control of microstructure thermal conductivity," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 78, no. 12, pp. 1778-80, 19 March 2001.

[21] J. J. Talghader, M. A. Hadley, and J. S. Smith, "Molecular beam epitaxy growth control of optical Bragg structures by substrate thermal emission," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 67, no. 25, 18 December 1995, pp. 3774-3776.

[22] J. J. Talghader, J. K. Tu, and J. S. Smith, "Process integration for fluidically self-assembled LEDs in silicon," Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 7, no. 11, November 1995, pp. 1321-1323.

[23] J. K. Tu, J. J. Talghader, M. A. Hadley, and J. S. Smith, "Fluidic self-assembly of InGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers onto silicon," Electronics Letters, vol. 31, no. 17, 17 August 1995, pp. 1448-9.

[24] J. Talghader and J. S. Smith, "Thermal dependence of the refractive index of GaAs and AlAs measured using semiconductor multilayer optical cavities," Applied Physics Letters, vol 66, no. 3, 16 January 1995, p. 335-7.

[25] G. Du, J. Lin, J. K. Gamelin, B. Wu, J. J. Talghader, S. Wang, Y. J. Yang, T. G. Dziura, and S. C. Wang, "Ohmic heating and series resistance of a vertical microcavity surface emitting laser," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 59, pp. 265-267, 1991.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS WITH SUMMARIES/PROCEEDINGS

[26] Y. Wang and J. J. Talghader, "Soft-landing and bounce-back actuation for active stiction control," to be presented at Transducers 2007, Lyon, France, June 11-14, 2007.

[27] W. B. Song and J. J. Talghader, Invited "IR Detectors with Adaptive Responsivity and Wavelength," SPIE MOEMS-MEMS Micro & Nanofabrication 2007, San Jose, CA, January 20-25, 2007, proceedings in press.

[28] J. D. Makowski, A. S. Gawarikar, J. J. Talghader, "Adhesion energy in nanogap InP/InGaAs microcantilevers," Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, Perth, Western Australia, December 6-8, 2006, in press.

[29] Y. Wang and J. J. Talghader, "Stiction-free soft landing for infrared thermal detectors," Technical Digest of the 2006 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS Conference, Big Sky, MT, August 21-24, 2006, pp. 60-61.

[30] W. Liu and J. J. Talghader, "Impact of micromirror Seidel aberrations on microcavity spectra," Technical Digest of the 2006 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS Conference, Big Sky, MT, August 21-24, 2006, pp. 58-59.

[31] Y. Wang, B. J. Potter, M. Sutton, and J. Talghader, "Absorption Filters for Wavelength Tuning and Finesse Switching of Long Wave Infrared Thermal Detectors," 2006 Solid State Sensors and Actuators Workshop Proceedings, Hilton Head, SC, June 2006, pp. 260-263.

[32] R. N. Supino and J. J. Talghader, "Autonomous metal-ion sensors," Technical Digest of the 2006 IEEE MEMS Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, January, 22-26, 2006, pp. 370-373.

[33] J. J. Talghader, Invited Talk "Heat and Temperature in Micromechanical Systems," 2005 International Semiconductor Device Research Symposium, pp. WP6-03, Bethesda, MD, December 7-9, 2005.

[34] M. S. B. Zamali and J. J. Talghader, "Stress mapping sensors for high power adaptive microoptics," 2005 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS Conference Technical Digest, Oulu, Finland, August 1-4, 2005, pp. 187-188.

[35] R. N. Supino and J. Talghader, "Optical power scavenging system for fluidic microsensors," 2005 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS Conference Technical Digest, Oulu, Finland, August 1-4, 2005, pp. 79-80.

[36] W. Zhou, E. Shields, W. Liu, J. Leger, and J. Talghader, "Imaging micro-spectrometer with adaptive space-variant dispersion," 2005 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS Conference Technical Digest, Oulu, Finland, August 1-4, 2005, pp. 121-122.

[37] Y. Wang, B. Potter, M. Sutton, R. Supino and J. Talghader, "Step-wise Tunable Microbolometer Long-wavelength Infrared Filter," 2005 Transducers Conference Digest of Technical Papers, Seoul, Korea, June 2005, pp. 1006-1009.

[38] W. Liu and J. J. Talghader, "Spatial Mode Control in Microoptical Cavities using Shape-Tunable Mirrors," Technical Digest of the 2004 IEEE/LEOS Optical MEMS Conference, pp. 14-15, Takamatsu, Japan, August 2004.

[39] M. S. Sutton and J. J. Talghader, "Deposition dependence of zirconium tungstate based negative thermal expansion thin films in optical coatings," 2004 Optical Interference Coatings Conference, Tuscon, AZ, June 27-July 2, 2004.

[40] W. B. Song and J. J. Talghader, "Microbolometers with adaptive detectivity using electrostatic actuation," to be presented at the Solid State Sensors and Actuators Workshop, Hilton Head, SC, June 6-10, 2004.

[41] M. S. Sutton and J. J. Talghader, "Deposition dependence of zirconium tungstate based negative thermal expansion thin films in optical coatings," submitted to the 2004 Optical Interference Coatings Conference, Tuscon, AZ, June 27-July 2, 2004.

[42] W. B. Song and J. J. Talghader, "Fabrication of adaptive microbolometers," to be presented at the 2004 SPIE Defense and Security Symposium: Infrared Technology and Applications, April 12-16, 2004.

[43] M. S. Sutton and J. J. Talghader, "Micromachined negative thermal expansion thin films," Transducers 2003 - Digest of Technical Papers, Talk 3D3.1, June 8-12, 2003, Boston, MA, pp. 1148-51.

[44] J. R. Leger and J. J. Talghader, Invited Paper "Design of microspectrometers," 2002 LEOS Annual Meeting, Glasgow, Scotland, November 10-14, 2002.

[45] W. B. Song and J. J. Talghader, "Adaptive thermal detectors using electrostatically controlled thermal conductance," 2002 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS, 20-23 August 2002, Lugano, Switzerland, pp. 31-32.

[46] W. Liu and J. J. Talghader, "Micromirrors with electrically tunable curvature," 2002 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS, 20-23 August 2002, Lugano, Switzerland, pp. 191-192.

[47] W. B. Song and J. J. Talghader, "Thermal contact conductance of actuated interfaces," Technical Digest of the 2002 Solid State Sensor and Actuator and Microsystems Workshop, Hilton Head, SC, June 3-7, 2002, pp. 329-332.

[48] W. Liu and J. J. Talghader, "Thermally invariant all dielectric micromirrors," Technical Digest of the 14th Annual LEOS Conference, Paper MI-4, November 12-15th, San Diego, CA, 2001, pp. 72-73.

[49] J. J. Talghader, Invited Paper, "Thermal management in optical MEMS," Proceedings of the SPIE, (MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems II), vol. 4561, pp. 20-27, 2001.

[50] W. Liu and J. J. Talghader, "Thermal expansion deformation of micromirrors for scanning spectrometers," Technical Digest of the 2001 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS, Okinawa, Japan, pp. 59-60, 2001.

[51] W. Liu and J. J. Talghader, "Thermal expansion modeling and control for optical coatings in micromirrors," Technical Digest of the 2001 OSA Optical Interference Coatings Conference, Banff, Alberta, pp. WE3, 2001.

[52] R. Supino and J. J. Talghader, "Absorption monitoring and optical damage protection for micromechanical optics," Proceedings of the 2001 Conference of Lasers and Electro-optics, Baltimore, MD, p. 155, 2001.

[53] K. Cao and J. J. Talghader, "High-reflectivity, high-flatness multilayer optical coatings on micromirrors," Postdeadline Paper, Proceedings of the 2000 Optical MEMS Conference, Kauai, Hawaii, August 21-24, 2000.

[54] R. Supino and J. J. Talghader, "Thermal time response of microfilaments," Proceedings of the 2000 Optical MEMS Conference, Kauai, Hawaii, August 21-24, 2000, pp. 123-124.

[55] W. Liu, W. B. Song, and J. J. Talghader, ``Fabrication characteristics of optical coatings in MEMS,'' Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Micro Opto Electro Mechanical Systems, Mainz, Germany, 1999, pp. 218-224.

[56] J. J. Talghader, Invited Paper ``Integration of VCSELs using fluidic self-assembly,'' Proceedings of the SPIE - Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers II, vol. 3286, pp. 86-95, 1998.

[57] J. K. Tu, J. J. Talghader, M. A. Hadley, and J. S. Smith, "Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers integrated onto Si by fluidic self-assembly" Post-Deadline presentation CPD1 at the Conference of Lasers and Electro-optics, Baltimore, MD, May 22-26, 1995.

[58] J. J. Talghader and J. S. Smith, ``Optical measurements using surface emitting laser cavities,'' Technical Digest of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-optics, Baltimore, MD, May 22-26, 1995, pp. 188-189.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS WITHOUT SUMMARIES/PROCEEDINGS

[59] J. J. Talghader, "From micro- to nano-: thermal effects in micromachined devices," 2006 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, Perth, Western Australia, December 6-8, 2006.

[60] J. J. Talghader, Invited Talk "Adaptive imaging with uncooled LWIR detectors," SPIE Defense and Security Symposium, Intelligent Integrated Microsystems, Orlando, FL, April 20, 2006.

[61] J. J. Talghader, Invited Talk "Mechanics of Optical Coatings in Extreme Thermal Environments," 2005 International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films, San Diego, CA, May 2005.

[62] J. J. Talghader, "Optical time domain reflectometry for probing deep glacial ice," Midwest Glaciology Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, March 25-26, 2004.

[63] J. J. Talghader, Invited Talk "Ultimate Performance in Optical MEMS," SPIE International Symposium on Microelectronics, MEMS, and Nanotechnology, December 10-12, 2003, Perth, Australia.

[64] J. J. Talghader, Invited Talk, "MEMS confocal microresonator arrays using mirrors with strain-induced curvature," SPIE - Photonics West - Laser Resonators and Beam Control V, San Jose, CA, January 22, 2002.

[65] Y. Wang and J. J. Talghader, "Fluorescence-based tracking of micro- and nanosensors in microfluidic systems," presented at the 2001 OSA Annual Meeting, Talk WII3, October 17, 2001, Long Beach, CA.

[66] R. Supino and J. J. Talghader, "Substrate quenching of microfilaments and thermal microdetectors," talk presented at the 2000 OSA Annual Meeting, October 22-26, Providence, RI, 2000.

[67] W. Liu, and J. J. Talghader, ``Modeling and fabrication of MEMS reflective modulators using deformable optical coatings,'' Presented at SPIE Photonics West, Integrated Optics IV, San Jose, January 2000.

[68] W. Liu and J. J. Talghader, ``Chemical and mechanical properties of hard oxide coatings for MEMS,'' 1999 Spring Meeting of the Materials Research Society, San Francisco, Presentation BB7.18.

BOOK CHAPTER

J. J. Talghader, "Adaptive microsensors and communication using self-assembly," to be published in Micro and Nano Technologies for Sensing, Editors: A. P. Malshe, D. K. Sood, and R. Maeda, Marcel Dekker, Inc.

PATENTS

M. Blumenfeld, J. J. Talghader, and M. A. Sanders, "Direct mapping of DNA chips to detector arrays," U.S. Patent 6,784,982, Issued August 31, 2004.

M. Blumenfeld, J. J. Talghader, M. A. Sanders, S. A. Nelson, K. Anderson, S. A. Lewis, "Scanning of Biological Samples," U.S. Patent 6,867,851, Issued March 15, 2005.

M. Blumenfeld, M.A. Sanders, J. J. Talghader, et. al., "Imaging of biological samples using electronic light detector," U.S. Patent 7,145,645, Issued December 5, 2006.

J. J. Talghader, Y. Wang, M. Sutton, and B. J. Potter, "Wavelength Adaptive Uncooled Infrared Detector," University of Minnesota Docket Z05221, provisional patent filed May 29, 2006.

J. J. Talghader, "Ultra-high Sensitivity Tunable Narrowband Infrared Detection," University of Minnesota Patent Disclosure Docket Z07046, provisional patent filed December 2006.