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Steady-state characteristics of a synchronous machine

The animation examines the steady-state characteristics of a synchronous machine as the torque angle δ varies from -180° to 180° while maintaining the excitation voltage Ef fixed at controlled levels.  The per-unit machine parameters , namely Vt, Ra, Xd, and Xq, can be adjusted independently. The characteristics are shown in the form of torque-angle plots and   armature current phasor loci. These current loci have the shape of so-called 'limaçon' of Pascal which reduce to concentric circles in the absence of saliency.

© M. Riaz